akbar

graeat akbar

Akbar was born as Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad at the Umerkot fort in Sind on October 15, 1542. His father Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal dynasty was in flight after his defeat in the battle of Kanauj (in May 1540) at the hands of Sher Shah Suri. He and his wife Hamida Banu Begum, who was pregnant at that time, was granted refuge by the Hindu ruler Rana Prasad. As Humayun was in exile and had to move constantly, Akbar was brought up at the household of his paternal uncles, Kamran Mirza and Aksari Mirza. Growing up he learnt how to hunt and fight using various weapons, shaping up to be the great warrior who would be the greatest emperor of India. He never learned to read and write during his childhood, but that did not diminish his thirst for knowledge. He would often ask to be read about art and religion.

In 1555, Humayun recaptured Delhi with the military support of the Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp I. Humayun met his untimely demise soon after he reclaimed his throne after an accident. Akbar was 13 years old at that time and Humayun’s trusted general Bairam Khan took up the post of Regent for the young Emperor. Akbar succeeded Humayun on February 14, 1556 in Kalanaur (Punjab) and was proclaimed ‘Shahanshah’. Bairam Khan ruled on behalf of the young Emperor till he came of age.

Akbar married his cousin Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, daughter of his paternal uncle Hindal Mirza, in November 1551. Ruqaiya became his chief consort after he ascended the throne.

Akbar was a brave and powerful ruler who had grabbed all the areas around Godavari river and had also joined him in the Mughal empire. On the basis of their infinite military force, immense power and economic strength, they were gradually going to rule over many states of India.

Akbar wanted to make his empire the biggest and happy empire, so he adopted several types of policies that would allow his state's people to live happily.

As his empire was vast, some of them were also from Hindu Dharma, for their interests, they adopted the Hindu Emperor's policy and implemented them in the Mughal Empire. They wanted to overcome discrimination between different religions. Because of his humble nature, he considered them to be a great king. And gladly lived in his empire.

While introducing his religious tolerance towards the Hindus, he removed the tax named 'Jijiya' upon him. The greatest effort that Akbar tried to do in his life was the establishment of a religion called 'Din-i-Elahi'.

Akbar is counted among the liberal rulers of India. In the entire medieval history, he has become the only Muslim ruler who, after understanding the importance of Hindu-Muslim unity, sought to build an all India.

In the famous rulers of India, Mughal Emperor Akbar is leading, he was the only Mughal emperor who introduced some generosity towards the Hindu majority.

Gradually, the Mughal Empire expanded in India and a stable economic situation was coming into the state. Akbar was very busy with art and culture, so he paid more attention to the development of these two during his reign. He was also very fond of literature, so he wrote 2400 volumes and published them in the library.

In their empire there were soldiers of many languages ​​such as Hindu, Sanskrit, Greek, Persian etc.
Akbar also married a Hindu Rajput princess. One of his queens was Jodha Bai Rajput. There were many Hindu courtiers, military officers and feudents in Akbar's court. He started a unique series of religious discussions and debate programs, in which Muslim Alem people used to have discussions with Jains, learners, Hindus, atheists, Portuguese and Catholic theologians.

The Mughal empire was affected only by Indian history. Their strength and economic status was steadily increasing. Akbar had made the world's most powerful army with his economic force, which was impossible for anyone to defeat.

Akbar had also stopped recovering those who were not Muslim, and he was the first emperor to do so, and at the same time he was the first emperor to be the only Muslim who was not a Muslim. After Akbar, his success was his empire from his son Jahangir.

varanasi

history of varanasi 

                                                                                                             

Benaras is the world's oldest city. Also known as Kashi .This city is on the banks of the Ganges.The land of Varanasi (Kashi) has been the ultimate pilgrimage spot for Hindus for ages. varanasi is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together.Abode of Lord Shiva and Parvati, the origins of Varanasi are yet unknown. Ganges in Varanasi is believed to have the power to wash away the sins of mortals. 

Varanasi continued to keep its status of importance in the Buddhist Era as well. The city was referred in Buddhist texts in abundance. The ship of Buddhism first sailed circa 528 BC, when Gautam Buddha gave his first sermon near Varanasi, at the places known as Sarnath. It is believed by some scholars that Buddha started the life of Buddhism here because Varanasi held significant power and importance in India that time. Significant enough to affect the religious belief of entire India.

Kashi was among the sixteen Mahajanpadas (refers to the sixteen kingdoms and oligarchic republics) of sixth to fourth centuries BC, and Varanasi was its Capital. Before the era of Buddha, Kashi was the most powerful among the sixteen mahajanpadas of India.

According to the famous Chinese traveler Hiouen Thsang (Xuanzang), who traveled to Banaras circa 635 AD, described Banaras as rich and prosperous place.

Varanasi was important for Hinduism and Buddhism both.

Harshavardhana

About the Maurya period

Chandragupta Maurya and his minister Kautilya founded the Maurya dynasty.they defeated the King of Nandh Bansh. they made his country as an strongest country. And from the same, Maurya dynasty was born.The Mauryan dynasty (322-185 BC) was a powerful and great dynasty of ancient India. It ruled in 137 years in India

The kingdom begins with the banks of the Ganges from Magadha State.Its capital was Patliputra . Which is now Patna Vihar .

The language of the Maurya period was Sanskrit, Pali, , Greek, Army.The language of the Maurya period was Sanskrit, Pali, Greek, Army. In the Maurya Period, three religions followed.

Hindu, Buddhist, Jain

Chandragupta Maurya had divided the governance operation smoothly to four states, which were called chakras. The rule of these provinces was governed by the emperor's representative. In the time of Emperor Asoka, the number of provinces was five. These were the provinces-

Prachi - Pataliputra 

North Coast - Taxila

Dakshinapath - Suvarnagiri

Avanti Nation - Ujjayini

Kalinga - Tossley.

MOST IMPORTANT THINGS ABOUT MAURYA PERIOD

             The coin of this period was the silver coin (wage)

             50 million km² [1] (parts of South Asia and some Central Asia)

              5 million  (one-third of the world's population )

The development of Maurya art was done in the era of Maurya Empire in India . In religious places like Sarnath and Kushinagar, monoliths and monasteries themselves as stupas and viharas form their structure. The impressive and sacred forms of the Mauryan period are still found in these columns of stones today in areas such as Sarnath, Allahabad, Meerut, Kaushambi, Sankisa and Varanasi.

The philosophy of the new and great form of the Mauryacala is found in the pillars of Ashoka. These columns of stone are symbols of the great art of that period. The stone pillars built and established by Ashoka in all the art works of the Mauryan age are the most important and unprecedented. Columns were flown towards the ground several feet below. On this part peacock shapes have remained. There is amazing lube and glow on the top part of the earth. Of the columns of Mauryakh, Phahyan has mentioned 6 columns and Yuvvanchwang has written 15 columns. Cave building art was also at the peak of this period. Dasarath, the grandson of Ashoka, built some caves for the residence of Shramans on the hills of Barabar, 19 miles from Gaya. Their inner wall is brightly colored. The Cave of Lomash Rishi was created by the emperor Ashoka's grandson property in the Maurya period. This cave is incomplete. The masonry gauge is still present on its arches. Such mosaic was done on wood in ancient times.

How many days have the state been ruled by the Maurya period

Chandragupta Maurya - 323-298 BC

  Bindusar -        298-273 BC

Emperor Asoka - 273-232 BC

Kunal - 232-224 BC

Dasharatha Maurya -232-224 BC

Presently - 224-215 BC

Shalisuk-215-202 BC

Devavarman - 202-195 BC

Shatdhavnain Maurya - 195-187 BC

Greater Maury - 187-185 BC

Buddhism

THE LIFE OFTHE BUDDHA

Siddhartha was born in Lumbini Jungle 563 years ago from Isa. Lumbini is between Nepal's Nepal and Kapalvastu and 15 km from Nautanwa station in southern Nepal. The queen of Siddhartha Kapilavastu was the son of Mahamaya Devi and Raja Shudoddan. It is said that the Maharani Mahamaya Devi was once going to her mother-in-law Devdah. During this time, he gave birth to Siddhartha in the jungle.
Seven days after Siddhartha's birth, his mother was killed, after which her aunt Gautami raised her. Siddhartha learned from Vishwamitra Vedas, Upanishads, Rajakas and the teachings of warfare. Wrestling, horse racing, arrows and arrows, no one could compete with him in the chariot.

MAHABHARTA

MAHABHRATA IS THE OLDEST BOOK IN THE WORLD.THE Mahabharat is known by another name, Jai Sahaghita

The Mahabharata is a major poetry book of Hindus who comes to the memory class. Sometimes this poetry, sometimes called "India", is India's unique religious, mythological, historical and philosophical treatise. The world's longest literary treatise and epic is one of the main texts of Hindu religion. This text is considered to be the fifth Vedas in Hinduism.  Although it is considered to be one of the most unique works of literature, but this book is still an exemplary source for every Indian. This work is a saga of the history of ancient India. In this, the sacred book of Hindu religion is embodied with Bhagavad Gita. There are about 1,10,000 verses in the entire Mahabharata , which is ten times greater in magnitude than the Greek poet Iliad and Odyssey. 

Vedavas ji, the author of this verse, has described the mysterious mysteries of Vedas, Vedanga and Upanishads in this unique verse.
Apart from this, this verse has also been explained in detail in detail in the fields of justice, education, medicine, astrology, warfare, yogic, economics, architecture, crafts, crafts, astronomy and theology.

The answer to every single question is given in the Mahabharata.This book has been told about Lord Shri Krishna and lord balram.

 Whatever is said in the Mahabharata, it is present in this world. And what has not been told about it will not be found

Vedic civilization

Vedic civilization.  

• Vedic period was from 1500-600 BC
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• In the Vedic period, Arya has been told about
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• the language of the Aryans was Sanskrit

• Arya first came to live in Punjab and Afghanistan

• Arya created a civilization called Vedic
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• Rural civilization started by Aryans

• The head of the village was called rural and Bishop was the head of Bishish.
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• The ruler of the people was called the kingit is believed that a group of Aryans also went to Iran, Iran and Persia towards India. The texts of Avesta, the earliest texts of the Iranian language, are similar to the Rigveda. If you look at this linguistic symmetry, the Rigveda's composition comes 1000 AD. But in the records of 1400 B.C. found in Bogaj-Koi (Asia Minor), it can be considered as a period of time behind the Hindu Gods Ind, Mitravarun, Nastya.
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In the Rigvedic period, the residence of the Aryans was between the Indus and the Saraswati rivers. Later they had spread throughout North India. The main area of ​​civilization was the grounds of the Ganges and its tributaries. Ganga is today considered to be the most sacred river of India. In this period Vish has expanded and many people have become extinct. Bharat, Tritsu and Tuvas disappeared from the political circles, whereas Puru became more powerful than before. In eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, some new states were developed like Kashi, Kosala, Videh (Mithila), Magadha and Organs.

Vedic literature

•  In Vedic literature, four Vedas and their codes, Brahmin, Aranyak, Upanishads and Vedanga are included.

• The number of Vedas is four- Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda.
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• Rigveda, Samved, Yajurveda and Atharvaved are the world's first authentic texts.
• The Vedas have been called apurushya. Vedas have been termed as "Shruti" due to Guru's verbal abuse by the guru.

Rig Veda

A collection of compositions related to the praise of the Rigveda Gods.

It is divided into 10 divisions. In this, the Mandals from 2 to 7 are considered to be the oldest. The first and the tenth board have been added later. There are 1028 vaccine in it.

In the Rig Veda, there is mention of 33 gods (substances containing divine qualities).

The famous Gayatri Mantra, which is addressed to the goddess Gayatri associated with the Sun, is first received in Rigveda.

The name of its priest is Horatia.